Junjie Luo

Ph.D. candidate @Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine

I am a Ph.D. Candidate in Biomedical Informatics and Data Science at the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University. My research focuses on designing and developing healthcare AI using real-world data, with special emphasis on human factors and behaviors to enhance health and wellness.

My research program centers on large foundation models for healthcare, particularly continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for diabetes management:

Research & Development: I develop novel AI systems tailored to real-world health problems, including large sensor models, agentic AI for patient messaging, and multi-modal sensor data modeling.
Implementation & Evaluation: I deploy these models in production environments and evaluate them for both performance and human values such as fairness and robustness.

My research methodology distinctively combines the full AI lifecycle from development to deployment with strong industry collaborations (WellDoc, DrFirst, MedStar Health). My passion is conducting research that delivers tangible benefits to both patients and healthcare systems.

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Education

2022-2026 (expected)PhD in Biomedical Informatics and Data Science
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
2020-2022PhD in Information Systems (transferred)
University of Maryland, College Park
2018-2020M.S. in Data Science
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen
2014-2018B.B.A. in Applied Economics
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen

Research Interests

TopicsHealthcare AI, Foundation Models for Sensor Data, Continuous Glucose Monitoring, Agentic AI, Human-Centered AI, Health Disparities
MethodologiesFoundation Models, Natural Language Processing, Multi-Modal Sensor Modeling, Causal Inference, MLOps

Papers

Working Papers
Working Paper

From Testing to Learning: Distilling Experimental Data for Patient Messaging Design Using Agentic AI

Working Paper, targeting Management Science

Junjie Luo, Ritu Agarwal, Guodong (Gordon) Gao
Working Paper

A Time-Event Foundation Model Integrating Sensors and Behaviors for Diabetes Management

Working Paper

Junjie Luo, Ritu Agarwal, Guodong (Gordon) Gao
Working Paper

Masked Excellence: Rating Disparity Reversal Reveals Physician Evaluation Bias

Working Paper

Junjie Luo, Ritu Agarwal, Guodong (Gordon) Gao
Working Paper

Physician Personality and Behavior: How LLM-Revealed Traits Shape Opioid Overprescriptions

Working Paper

Junjie Luo, Ritu Agarwal, Guodong (Gordon) Gao
Working Paper

FairGlucose: A Benchmark for Fair and Robust Forecasting of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Time-Series Data

Working Paper

Junjie Luo, Xuzhe Zhi, Rui Han, Abhimanyu Kumbara, Anand K. Iyer, Mansur E. Shomali, Ritu Agarwal, Guodong (Gordon) Gao
Under Review
Under Review

Group-Sensitive Offline Contextual Bandit

Under Review at AISTATS 2026

Yihong Guo, Junjie Luo, Guodong (Gordon) Gao, Ritu Agarwal, Anqi Liu
Under Review

Mapping Patient-Perceived Physician Traits from Nationwide Online Reviews with LLMs

Under Review at NPJ Digital Medicine

Junjie Luo, Rui Han, Arshana Welivita, Zeleikun Di, Jingfu Wu, Xuzhe Zhi, Ritu Agarwal, Guodong (Gordon) Gao
Publications
Published

Risk Stratification at Prediabetes Onset and Association with Diabetes Outcomes Using EHR Data

NPJ Metabolic Health and Disease (2025)

Junjie Luo, Di Hu, Rui Han, Diyang Lyu, Ritu Agarwal, Nestoras Mathioudakis, Jehan El-Bayoumi, Guodong (Gordon) Gao, Nawar Shara
Published

PAME-AI: Patient Messaging Creation and Optimization using Agentic AI

NeurIPS 2025 Workshop on GenAI for Health

Junjie Luo, Yihong Guo, Anqi Liu, Ritu Agarwal, Guodong (Gordon) Gao
Published

A large sensor foundation model pretrained on continuous glucose monitor data for diabetes management

npj Health Systems, 2(1):35 (2025)

Junjie Luo, Abhimanyu Kumbara, Mansur Shomali, Rui Han, Anand Iyer, Grazia Aleppo, Ritu Agarwal, Guodong (Gordon) Gao
Published

Impact of Food on A Transformer Based Glucose Prediction Model to Predict Glucose Trajectories at Different Time Horizons

Machine Learning for Healthcare (2025)

Mansur E. Shomali, Junjie Luo, Abhimanyu Kumbara, Anand K. Iyer, Guodong (Gordon) Gao
Published

CGM-GPT: A Transformer Based Glucose Prediction Model to Predict Glucose Trajectories at Different Time Horizons

Machine Learning for Healthcare (2024)

Mansur Shomali, Junjie Luo, Abhimanyu Kumbara, Anand Iyer, Guodong (Gordon) Gao
Published

Recency in Online Physician Ratings

JAMA Internal Medicine, 182(8):881-883 (2022)

Weiguang Wang, Junjie Luo, Michelle Dugas, Guodong (Gordon) Gao, Ritu Agarwal, Rachel Werner
Published

Quantifying the Effect of Public Activity Intervention Policies on COVID-19 Pandemic Containment Using Epidemiologic Data From 145 Countries

Value in Health, 25(5):699-708 (2022)

Jichao Sun, Yefeng Zheng, Wenhua Liang, Zifeng Yang, Zhiqi Zeng, Tiegang Li, Junjie Luo, Man Tat Alexander Ng, Jianxing He, Nanshan Zhong
Published

Socioeconomic privilege and political ideology are associated with racial disparity in COVID-19 vaccination

PNAS 118, no. 33 (2021)

Ritu Agarwal, Michelle Dugas, Jui Ramaprasad, Junjie Luo, Gujie Li, and Guodong (Gordon) Gao
Published

Field Embedding: A Unified Grain Based Framework for Word Representation

NAACL, 1754-1762 (2021)

Junjie Luo, Xi Chen, Jichao Sun, Yuejia Xiang, Ningyu Zhang and Xiang Wan

Awards

Grants

2025 Samsung Research America (SRA) START Program Grant - $150,000 CGM- and Behavior-based Large Health Model for Just-in-Time Diabetes Management PI: Guodong (Gordon) Gao; Co-PIs: Brian Hasselfeld, Nestoras Mathioudakis; Research Lead: Junjie Luo
2023-24 Hopkins Business of Health Initiative (HBHI) Grant - $25,000 A Double-Edged Sword? Examining the Relationship Between Patient Satisfaction and Physician Overprescription PI: Gordon Gao; Co-PI: Ritu Agarwal; Research Team Member: Junjie Luo

Patents

2025 Systems and methods for metabolic outcome predictions Junjie Luo, Abhimanyu Kumbara, Anand Iyer, Mansur Shomali, Guodong (Gordon) Gao US Patent 12,293,841
2025 Systems and methods for continuous glucose monitoring outcome predictions Anand Iyer, Abhimanyu Kumbara, Mansur Shomali, Junjie Luo, Guodong (Gordon) Gao US Patent 12,283,381
2023 Systems and methods for score based clusters Anand Iyer, Malinda Peeples, Mansur Shomali, Abhimanyu Kumbara, Michelle Dugas, Guodong (Gordon) Gao, Junjie Luo US Patent App. 18/052,094

Honors and Awards

2020 R.H.Smith School Graduate Assistant Scholarship
2020 Academic Performance Scholarship
2018 Admission Scholarship for Masters Program
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen
2015-18 Dean's List Honor
2016-17 Academic Performance Scholarship
2016-17 Undergraduate Research Award
2014 Admission Scholarship for Undergraduate Program
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen

Teaching

Johns Hopkins University

2025 Spring AI Essentials for Business, Carey Business School
Lecturer, Content Co-designer, 47 students, 4.51/5.00
2024 Fall AI Essentials for Business, Carey Business School
AI Tech Lead
2024 Fall Clinical Data Analysis with Python, School of Medicine
Teaching Assistant
2024 Spring Big Data Machine Learning, Carey Business School
AI Tech Lead

University of Maryland, College Park

2021 Summer AI Leadership in Healthcare Exec Ed program, R.H.Smith School of Business
Head of AI Specialists

The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen

2017 Spring DMS2051: IT in Business Application, School of Management and Economics
Teaching Assistant

Conference Presentations

2024.9 Mansur Shomali, Junjie Luo, Abhimanyu Kumbara, Anand Iyer, Guodong (Gordon) Gao. Evaluating a state-of-the-art generative pre-trained transformer model to predict continuous glucose monitoring values at different time intervals.
DIABETOLOGIA'2024
2024.5 Junjie Luo, Abhimanyu Kumbara, Anand Lyer, Mansur Shomali and Guodong (Gordon) Gao. Using an Automated, Real-time Data Enabled Feature Engineering Process to Predict Future Weight Outcomes.
Conference on Health IT and Analytics'2024
2023.7 Junjie Luo, Gordon Gao, Ritu Agarwal. Assessing Dataset Quality to AI Bias and Healthcare Disparity: A Study on EHR-Based Prediabetes to Diabetes Risk Prediction Models.
INFORMS Healthcare'2023
2023.7 Junjie Luo, Mansur Shomali, Abhimanyu Kumbara, Anand Lyer, and Guodong (Gordon) Gao. Using Early Engagement Data from a Digital Health to Predict Future Health Outcomes.
INFORMS Healthcare'2023
2023.5 Junjie Luo, Aishwarya Shukla, Jie Mein Goh, Guodong (Gordon) Gao, Ritu Agarawl. Relationships Between Patient Satisfaction and Physician Overprescription: Evidence from Online Reviews and CMS Claim Data.
Production and Operations Management Society'2023
2023.5 Junjie Luo, Abhimanyu Kumbara, Anand Lyer, Mansur Shomali, and Guodong (Gordon) Gao. Using Early Engagement and CGM Data from a Digital Health Solution to Predict Future Engagement Patterns.
Conference on Health IT and Analytics'2023
2022.11 Junjie Luo, Casey Kindall, Sara-Laure Faraji, Guodong (Gordon) Gao, Ritu Agarawl, Sally Simpson. Foretelling the Physician's Future: Healthcare Fraud Prediction with Behavioral Big Data.
American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting'2022
2022.6 Junjie Luo, Guodong (Gordon) Gao, Ritu Agarwal, and Sally Simpson. "Minority Report" Comes True: Using Behavioral Big Data to Predict Physician Fraud.
Academy Health'2022
2022.4 Junjie Luo, Shiping Liu, Guodong (Gordon) Gao, Ritu Agarwal. Racial Disparity in the Availability of Social Determinants of Health Information in EHR Data.
Production and Operations Management Society'2022
2022.3 Junjie Luo, Guodong (Gordon) Gao, Ritu Agarwal, and Sally Simpson. "Minority Report" Comes True: Using Behavioral Big Data to Predict Physician Fraud.
Conference on Health IT and Analytics'2022
2021.6 Junjie Luo, Xi Chen, Jichao Sun, Yuejia Xiang, Ningyu Zhang and Xiang Wan. Field Embedding: A Unified Grain Based Framework for Word Representation.
North American Association for Computational Linguistics'2021

Industry Collaboration & Experience

Industry Collaboration

I have been collaborating with several industry partners to develop and deploy healthcare AI solutions for real-world clinical and business problems.
• WellDoc Inc. (Digital Health - Diabetes Management)
• DrFirst Inc. (Healthcare Technology - Medication Adherence)
• MedStar Health (Healthcare System - EHR Analytics)
• Inovalon Inc. (Healthcare Data Analytics)
• Johns Hopkins Hospital (Academic Medical Center)

Professional Experience

2020 Algorithm Engineer at Jarvis AI Lab, Healthcare Group, Tencent Ltd
Shenzhen, China
2017-2020 Research Assistant at Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data
Shenzhen, China
2017 Data Mining Engineer at Ping An of China, Ping An Technology Co. Ltd
Shenzhen, China
2016-2017 Research Assistant at School of Management and Economics, CUHK, Shenzhen
Shenzhen, China